pottery scraper
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In the field 22 - Shaft Scraper
Zuni by hi joiney
Culture Zuni traditionally speak the Zuni language, a unique language (also called an "isolate") which is unrelated to any other Native American language. The Zuni continue to practice their traditional religion with its regular ceremonies and dances and an independent and unique belief system. The Zuni were and are a peaceful, deeply traditional people who live by irrigated agriculture and raising stock. Their success as a desert agri-economy is due to careful management or conservation of resources as well as a complex system of community support. Many contemporary Zuni also rely on the sale of traditional arts and crafts. Some Zuni still live in the old style Pueblos, while others live in modern flat-roofed houses made from adobe and concrete block. Their location is relatively isolated, but they welcome respectful tourists. The Zuni Tribal Fair and rodeo is held the third weekend in August. The Zuni also participate in the Gallup Inter-Tribal Ceremonial usually held in early or mid-August. History Zuni The Zuni, like other Pueblo peoples, are believed to be the descendants of the Ancient Pueblo Peoples who lived in the deserts of New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and southern Colorado for centuries. Archaeological evidence shows they have lived in their present location for about 1300 years. However, before the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, the Zuni lived in six different villages. After the revolt, until 1692, they took refuge in a defensible position atop Dowa Yalanne, a steep mesa 5 km (3.1miles) southeast of the present Pueblo of Zuni; "Dowa" means "corn", and "yalanne" means "mountain." After the establishment of peace and the return of the Spanish, the Zuni relocated to their present location, only briefly returning to the mesa top in 1703.[citation needed] In 1539, a Spanish exploratory party guided by the Moorish slave Estevanico arrived, though the villagers eventually killed him. This was Spain's first contact with any of the Pueblo peoples. Frank Hamilton Cushing, a pioneering anthropologist associated with the Smithsonian Institution, lived with the Zuni from 1879 to 1884. He was one of the first participant observers and an ethnologist.[citation needed] A controversy during early 2000s involved Zuni opposition to the development of a coal mine near the Zuni Salt Lake, a site considered sacred by the Zuni and under Zuni control. The mine would have extracted water from the aquifer below the lake and would also have involved construction between the lake and Zuni. The plan died in 2003 after several lawsuits. Zuni life A Zuni drying platform for maize and other foods, with two women crafting pottery beneath it. From the Panama-California Exposition, San Diego, California. January 1915. Zuni art In the earlier days of that age when Native Zuni clans roamed an area that is now the Southwestern United States, they made pottery for food and water storage. Women made pottery according to the clan's tradition of functionality and design. Clay for the pottery is sourced locally and thanks is given to the Earth Mother (Awidelin Tsitda) according to ritual prior to extraction. It is prepared first by grinding, and then sifting and mixing with water. After the clay is shaped into a vessel or ornament, it will be scraped smooth with a scraper. Then a thin layer of finer clay will be applied to the surface for extra smoothness. Next the vessel will be polished with a stone. Then the piece is painted with home-made organic dyes using a traditional yucca brush. The function of the ware is determined by its shape, and its design and painted images. To fire the pottery the Zuni used sheep dung in traditional kilns which had not changed for hundreds of years. However, most contemporary Zuni pottery is now fired in modern, electric kilns. While the firing of the pottery was usually a community enterprise, silence or communication in low voices was essential in order to maintain the original "voice" of the "being" of the clay and the purpose of the end product. The selling of pottery and other traditional arts and crafts is a major source of income for many of the Zuni, and an artisan may be the sole financial support for their immediate family as well as others. They made pottery, clothing, baskets. They also make fetish carvings and necklaces for the purpose of ritual and trade, and more recently for sale to their avid collectors. The Zuni are known for their fine silversmithing, which began in the 1870s after learning fundamental techniques from the Navajo. Lanyade was the first Zuni silversmith, who learned the art from Atsidi Chon, a Navajo smith. By 1880, Zuni jewelers already set turquoise in silver. Today jewelry making thrives as an art form in Zuni. Many Zuni have became master silversmiths and perfected the skill of stone inlay. They found that by using small pieces of stone they were able to create intricate designs and unique patterns. Small oval-shaped stones with pointed ends are set close to one another and side by side. The technique is normally used with turquoise in creating necklaces or rings. Another technique they have mastered is needlepoint. Beliefs Si Wa Wata Wa, a Zuni elder in 1903 Life for these agricultural people revolves around their religious beliefs. They have a cycle of religious ceremonies which takes precedence over all else. Their religious beliefs are centered on the three most powerful of their deities Earth Mother, Sun Father, and Moonlight-Giving Mother. The Sun is especially worshipped. In fact the Zuni words for daylight and life are the same word. The Sun is, therefore, seen as the giver of life. Each person's life is marked by important ceremonies to celebrate their coming to certain milestones in their existence. Birth, coming of age, marriage and death are especially celebrated. Zuni religiously pilgrimage every four years on the Barefoot Trail to Kouwala:wa, also called Zuni Heaven or Kachina Village; a 12,482-acre detached portion of the Zuni Reservation about sixty miles Southwest of Zuni Pueblo. The four-day observance occurs around the summer solstice, practiced for many hundreds of years and is well known to local residents. Zuni pueblo in 1879 Another pilgrimage conducted annually for centuries by the Zuni and other southwestern tribes is made to Zuni Salt Lake for the harvesting of salt during the dry months, and for religious purposes. The lake is home to the Salt Mother, Ma'l Okyattsik'i and is led to by several ancient Pueblo roads and trails. Coming of age, or rite of passage, is celebrated differently by boys and girls. A girl who is ready to declare herself as a maiden, will go to the home of her father's mother early in the morning and grind corn all day long. Corn is a sacred food and a staple in the diet of the Zuni. The girl is, therefore, declaring that she is ready to play a role in the welfare of her people. When it is time for a boy to become a man he will be taken under the wing of a spiritual 'father', selected by the parents. This one will instruct the boy through the ceremony to follow. The boy will go through certain initiation rites to enter one of the men's societies. He will learn how to take on either religious, secular or political duties within that order. Lutakawi, Zuni Governor, photographed before 1925 by Edward S. Curtis See also Zuni Indian Reservation Zuni language Zuni mythology Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico Bibliography of sources on Zui Baxter, Sylvestor, Frank H. Cushing, My Adventurers in Zuni: Including Father of The Pueblos & An Aboriginal Pilgrimage, Filter Press, LLC, 1999, paperback, 1999, 79 pages, ISBN 0-86541-045-3 Benedict, Ruth. Zuni Mythology. 2 vols. Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology, no. 21. New York: Columbia University Press, 1935. AMS Press reprint, 1969. Bunzel, Ruth L. "Introduction to Zuni Ceremonialism". (1932a); "Zuni Origin Myths". (1932b); "Zuni Ritual Poetry". (1932c). In Forty-Seventh Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology. Pp. 467835. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1932. Reprint, Zuni Ceremonialism: Three Studies. Introduction by Nancy Pareto. University of New Mexico Press, 1992. Bunzel, Ruth L. "Zuni Katcinas: An Analytic Study". (1932d). Forty-Seventh Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology. Pp. 8361086. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1932. Reprint, Zuni Katcinas: 47th Annual Report. Albuquerque: Rio Grande Classics, 1984. Bunzel, Ruth L. Zuni Texts. Publications of the American Ethnological Society, 15. New York: G.E. Steckert & Co., 1933. Cushing, Frank Hamilton. My Adventures in Zuni, Pamphlet, ISBN 1-121-39551-1 Cushing, Frank Hamilton, Barton Wright, The mythic world of the Zuni, University of New Mexico Press, 1992, hardcover, ISBN 0-8263-1036-2 Cushing, Frank Hamilton. Outlines of Zuni Creation Myths, AMS Press, Reprint edition (June 1, 1996), hardcover, 121 pages, ISBN 0-404-11834-8 Cushing, Frank Hamilton. Zuni Coyote Tales, University of Arizona Press, 1998, paperback, 104 pages, ISBN 0-8165-1892-0 Cushing, Frank Hamilton. Zuni Fetishes, pamphlet, ISBN 1-199-17971-X and ISBN 1-122-26704-5 Cushing, Frank Hamilton. designed by K. C. DenDooven, photographed by Bruce Hucko, Annotations by Mark Bahti, Zuni Fetishes, KC Publications, 1999, paperback, 48 pages, ISBN 0-88714-144-7 Cushing, Frank Hamilton. Zuni Fetishes Facsimile, pamphlet, ISBN 1-125-28500-1 Cushing, Frank Hamilton. Zuni Folk Tales, hardcover, ISBN 1-125-91410-6 (expensive if you search by ISBN, try ABE for older used copies without ISBN) Cushing, Frank Hamilton. Zuni Folk Tales, University of Arizona Press, 1999, trade paperback, ISBN 0-8165-0986-7 (reasonably priced) Cushing, Frank Hamilton. edited by Jesse Green, foreword by Fred Eggan, Introduction by Jesse Green, Zuni: Selected Writings of Frank Hamilton Cushing University of Nebraska Press, 1978, hardcover, 440 pages, ISBN 0-8032-2100-2; trade paperback, 1979, 449 pages, ISBN 0-8032-7007-0 Cushing, Frank Hamilton. Zuni Breadstuff (Indian Notes and Monographs, V. 8.), AMS Press, 1975, hardcover, 673 pages, ISBN 0-404-11835-6 Eggan, Fred and T.N. Pandey. "Zuni History, 1855-1970". Handbook of North American Indians, Southwest. Vol.9. Ed. By Alfonso Ortiz. Pp. 474481. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1979. Ferguson, T. J. and Hart, E. R., eds., 1995. A Zuni Atlas (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press). M. Conrad Hyers The Spirituality of Comedy: comic heroism in a tragic world 1996, Transaction Publishers ISBN 1560002182 Green Jesse, Sharon Weiner Green and Frank Hamilton Cushing, Cushing at Zuni: The Correspondence and Journals of Frank Hamilton Cushing, 1879-1884, University of New Mexico Press, 1990, hardcover ISBN 0-8263-1172-5 Hart, E. Richard, 2000. uni Claims: An Expert Witness Reflections, American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 24(1): 163171. Hart, E. Richard, ed., 1995. Zuni and the Courts: A Struggle for Sovereign Land Rights (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas). Elsie Clews Parsons and Ralph L. Beals, "The Sacred Clowns of the Pueblo and Mayo-Yaqui Indians," American Anthropologist, vol. 36 (October-December 1934), p. 493 Newman, Stanley. Zuni Dictionary. Indiana University Research Center Publication Six. Bloomington: Indiana University, 1958. Roberts, John. "The Zuni". In Variations in Value Orientations. Ed. by F.R. Kluckhorn and F.L. Strodbeck. Pp. 285316. Evanston, IL and Elmsford, NY: Row, Peterson, 1961. Smith, Watson and John Roberts. Zuni Law: A Field of Values. Papers of the Peabody Museum of the balch American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 43. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum, 1954. Tedlock, Barbara. The Beautiful and the Dangerous: Dialogues with the Zuni Indians. New York: Penguin Books, 1992. Tedlock, Dennis, tr. Finding the Center: Narrative Poetry of the Zuni Indians. From performances in the Zuni by Andrew Peynetsa and Walter Sanchez. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1972. Young, M. Jane. Signs from the Ancestors: Zuni Cultural Symbolism and Perceptions in Rock Art. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1988. Bunzel, Ruth L. (1929). The Pueblo potter: A study of creative imagination in primitive art. New York: Dover. ISBN 0-486-22875-4 Green, Jesse (Ed.). (1979). Zuni: Selected writings of Frank Hamilton Cushing. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-7007-0 Hieb, Louis A. (1984). Meaning and mismeaning: Toward an understanding of the ritual clowns. In A. Ortiz (Ed.), New perspectives on the Pueblos (pp. 163195). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. (Original work published 1972). ISBN 0-8263-0387-0 Kroeber, Alfred L. (1984). Zuni kin and clan. AMS Press. ISBN 0-404-15618-5 Footnotes and references ^ http://www.census.gov/ ^ David Roberts. The Pueblo Revolt, 56 (Simon and Schuster, 2004). ASIN B000MC1CHQ. Reprint, 2005, ISBN 0743255178 ^ Neary, Ben. "Mining Plan Pits Tribe Against Power Industry", Los Angeles Times, 2001-02-18. Retrieved on 2009-05-26. ^ Neary, Ben. "Utility Drops Plans for Coal Mine", Santa Fe New Mexican, 2003-08-05. Retrieved on 2009-05-26. ^ For descriptions of the Zuni pottery making process see, Bunzel, Ruth L. The Pueblo Potter: A Study of Creative Imagination in Primitive Art. New York: Dover, 1929, ISBN 0486228754,and, Zuni: Selected Writings of Frank Hamilton Cushing. Ed. by Jesse Green. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1979. ISBN 0803270070 ^ Wade, Edwin L. "The Ethnic Art Market in the American Southwest, 1880-1980" in Objects and Others: Essays on Museums and Material Culture (History of Anthropology). Ed. George W. Stocking, Jr. Vol. 3, pp. 182-183. University of Wisconsin Press, 1988. ISBN 0299103242 ^ Adair, John. The Navajo and Pueblo Silversmiths. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999: 122. (retrieved through Google Books, 9 August 2009) ISBN 978-0806122151. ^ Adair, 14 Adapted from the Internet-Encyclopedia article, "Zuni" http://www.internet-encyclopedia.org/wiki.phtml?title=Zuni July 24, 2003, updated August 3
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Smartworks Grate Gourmet 3 Piece Ceramic Cheese and Garlic Tool Set $9.94 Quickly grates garlic, cheese, chocolate, cinnamon and more.... |
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Garlic Grater Plate, Stoneware Pottery, Handmade in the USA The perfect way to grate a small amount of garlic or ginger - just scrape a fresh clove over the rough surface of the pottery. Add olive oil or balsamic vinegar and you've got instant bread dip! Made of durable stoneware clay, the 5.5" dish is safe for the microwave and dishwasher. Handcrafted in Pennsylvania. Choose above from glossy Black, Blue, or Green - plates sold separately.... |
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SE Dental Tool Set 4 Piece $2.75 4 New Wax Carving Picks * This is a new set of 4 double ended wax carving picks * These allow you to carve the wax rather than scrape it away * Great to make designs, smooth or use with lathes for making designs * Each carver is made of stainless steel to eliminate rust and shaped for balance and comfort * These come in a plastic storage pouch * Each measures approximately 6 3/4" (171.5 mm) long.... |